Apparatus for conveying materials.



No. 757,477. PATENTBD APR. 19, 1904.

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APPARATUS POR CONVEYING MATERIALS. Arrmourmn FILED sumas, 1900. .sommm.. 5 SHEETS-sum1.

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PATENTED APR. 1'9, 1904.

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APPARATUS PoR CONVEYING MATERIALS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 28| 1900.

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`No. 757,477. PATENTED ABR. 1 9, 1904.

H. MARCUS.

APPARATUS POR CONVEYING MATERIALS.

vAPPLIQ11.'.11101" PII'IED SEPT. 28, 1900.

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No. 751,477. `PA'LBN'JIEI) APR.19*,1904.

H. MARCUS.

f APPARATUS POR CONVEYING MATERIALS.

APPLIUATIUN FILED SEPT. 28. 1900.

N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

PATENTED APR.19,1904;|`

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APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING MATERIALS.

LPILIOATION FILED SEPT. 281900.

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UNITED` STAT-Es Patented April 19, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

APPARATUS Fon CONVEYING MATERIALS.

SPECIFICATION' forming 'part of Letters Patent No. 757,477, dated April19, 1904.

Application tiled September 28, 1900. Serial No. 31,399. (No. model.) i

To LM whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN MARCUS, engineer, a subject of the King ofPrussia, Emperor of Germany, residing at 32 Karolingerring,Cologne-on-the-Rhine, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a new or ImprovedApparatus for Conveying Materials, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description.

T he present invention relates to a device for conveyingsolid,pulverized, pasty, or fluid materials. The material is conveyed, as inmany well-known devices, intermittently in an obliqueas well as -inhorizontal direction and this according to the principle as obtained inconveying material by hand by means of the ordinarythrowing-shovel#that` is to say, by oscillating the supporting part acertain impulse in a definite direction is imparted to the material, sothat it continues to move forward in the said direction by its momentumwhen the supporting part diminishes the speed of its movement or movesin theopposite direction. In devices heretofore known this movement iseffected in such manner, as in sifting devices, that either thesupporting part is moved in a curve oblique to the conveying directionor the conveying material is thrown against surfaces oblique to theconveyingchannel.

The characteristic feature of the present invention consists in the factthat the motion of the supporting part is effected in a straightlongitudinal direction and that the impulse imparted to the materialdepends upon the uniform alteration of speed of the motionthat is tosay, the combination of a novel driving mechanism with thestraight-lined guiding of the supporting part makes it possibletoutilize the constant pressure of the conveyed material upon thesupporting part for the purpose of conveying without lifting thematerial from its supporting part in such conveying movement.

In contradistinction from the known devices the following results areobtained: by such novel construction.

First. The material being conveyed is'not thrown about, shaken, orjolted unnecessarily,

because it slides forward as a solid mass. Hence the said materialcannot be crushed or crumbled, which is of great importance, forinstance, in the conveyingof coal, coke, and many chemical products, asotherwise the said products would lose in value;

Second. The power required is diminished, because the material beingconveyed travels along the shortest path, never moves in a wrongdirection, and no loss of power is produced by jolting and eddyingmotions.

Third. 'The conveying capacity is brought up to the maximum by avoidingthe aforesaid losses of power. v

Fourth. By avoiding as far as possibleall jolting, impact, and vibrationimportant advantages accrue in the construction itself.

The driving mechanism for the supporting part producing the motionlofthe material has to be constructed for producing a uniform increasingor decreasing of speed, respectively, in such manner that the speeddiagram has the form of a parabola which would correspond with thecompletest possible uniformity.

In order to produce the return of the motion from the uniform increasedforward direction to the uniform decreased backward movement without ashock, this uniform acceleration or uniform retardation, respectively,has only been applied to two-thirds of the stroke, while the Vlast thirdof the stroke serves .to cause a quick but shockless reversal of themoving direction.

The annexed drawings represent theyinvention.

Figures l to 3 illustrate a specific form of the device for conveying inan oblique upward direction. Figs. 4 to 6 show a specific form forconveying in a horizontal direction. Figs.

7 and 8 are speed diagrams hereinafter referred to. Figs. 9 to 15 showdetails and parts of the driving mechanism hereinafter described. A 'IIn Fig. l the said material is ,upwardly conveyed in an obliquedirection. The chute 1 is provided with shovel-surfaces 2, which areformed on straight inclines 2* to 2b, while they are oppositely inclinedfrom 2 to 2 for the purpose of giving proper resistance tothe verticalpressure of the material. The conveying by means of this chute isproduced nearly parallel to the surface of the shovel 2" 2- thatV is tosay, in direction of the arrow 4:-

and this chute is suspended by correspond- 5 ingly-long pendulums 3.

' By the driving mechanism A, which is described more in detail lateron, the chute gets a uniformacceleration in its forward movement, andthis. also may be seen from the dia- IO gram Fig. 2. When the speed ofthe chute toward y the end of its forward stroke dimin-I ishes, thematerial slides forward along the shovels and this oblique] y upward,and as soon as the chute then again oscillates rearwardly- I 5 that isto say, downwardly-the next following shovels move beneath the material.The material is thus prevented from lifting up from the shovel, butslides along each shovel and without shock over to the next one. On 2Oaccount of the uniform acceleration which is imparted to the chute inits forward movement by its driving mechanism the material is'shiftedforward in a solid lmass. Alterations of the position of pieces ofmaterial by which loss of power and comminution of the material wouldresult are thus reduced to the smallest possible limit.

Fig. 2 shows the motionl diagram of the chute l. The upper part relatesto the forward movement, and the lower part to the backward movement, ofthe chute.

rl`he cross-section Fig. 3 shows the preferred construction ofthependulum-hangers 3 in order to avoid friction and wearing of bolts andjoints. The pendulum hangers 3 are formed as springs, the ends of which,3 3b, are wound spirally on the attaching parts.

In Fig. 4. a form of the device for horizontal conveying is represented.The conveying takes place during the forward movement as well as duringthe backward movement of the chute 5. The horizontal guiding-that is tosay, the guiding in the conveying directionis produced by the fact thathere, as hangingup device, lemniscoid guiders are employed, by which adouble-sided support of the chute 5 is provided. The supporting-points 6and 7 are provided on two wall-surfaces situated above each other. Thechute is suspended at the points 8, which move in a right line in theoscillation of the supporting-guide. By the driving mechanism B, whichis also described more in detail later on, the motion of the chute 5 iseffected with uniform acceleration in the forward stroke anduniformretardation in the backward stroke. The advantages of such device areconsiderably pointed out in this construction. In order that themate-rial to be conveyed may acquire a great momentum in the directionof conveying, it is necessary that in taking up such momentum it remainswithout motion'with respect to the supporting part. As the guiding ofthe latter is on a straight line, the pressure which the conveyingmaterial imparts to the supporting part is constant, and hence theresistance of friction between the conveyed Vmaterial and the supportingpart is likewise constant.

If a maximum of active force is to be im' parted to the conveyingmaterial during the action, the increase of the force must never begreater, but possibly equal, to the constant friction resistance. Fromthis directly the result may be taken that the acceleration of themotion in the conveying direction during the taking up of momentum bythe material is also constant-that is to say, that the motion has to bea uniformly-accelerated one.

If in addition to the forward movement of the material during theforward movement of the chute 5 a forward shifting of the material hasto occur during the backward movement of the chute, it is profitable todraw back the chute at the beginning quickly,

so that the material onV account of the @is 'nertz'ce of the mass willretain its position or forward movement while the chute beneath it isdrawn back, and the maximum of performance with the smallest expenditureof power results if the movement of the chute is a uniformly-diminishingone.

The diagram Fig. 5, Awhich results by the operation of the duplex crankdevice B, (shown in Fig. 4,) corresponds-,practically with the motion ofthe uniform accelerated forward movement of the chute in the conveyingdirection and correspondingly uniform retarded backward movement. v

Fig. 6 shows how to profitably form the supporting-guides 9 as springs,the ends of which, 9 and 9b, are wound spirally in order to avoid theuse of bolts and joints.

Figs. 7 and 8 serveV for explanation of the naturefof origin of thespeed diagram, the characteristic feature of this invention. Fig. 7represents the circle-way of the drivingdisk, while Fig. 8 indicates themotion and speed diagram of the chute. p

Referring to the diagram Fig. 7, Vthe speed increases approximatelyuniformly from a to Lb, decreases quickly from b to o, increases agalnfromA c to d 1n the same manner, and

nally is retarded uniformly from d to ce. t t2, &c., indicate the unitsof motion in which a certain point of the driving-disk has passed in/itscircular path, and 50 the corresponding acceleration of the speed of thechute relating thereto. The motion of the latter point will be seen tobe a uniformly-accelerated one when in equal spaces of time theacceleration p increases to the same extent, and then the distances S,counted from the zero-point of the motion, have to be proportionate tothe second powerof times. In case the driving mechanism in Fig. 7rotates at a uniform angle speed thesingle equal pieces of the circle t,152, t3, t4, and t5 will be passed in equal times, and the accelerationsrelating thereto, p', p2, p3, p4, -and 105 of the chute, are equal toeach IOO IIO

crank-arm 11.

other according to Fig. 8. The speeds fn: 1p, @z -2p, AUBT-3p, '04:410,@5:52a are proportionate to the times, counting from the zeropoint andthe ways S, to the second powers of the times. Accordingto Figs. 7 and 8this uniform accelerated or retarded motion, respectively, takes placeduring about seventyfive per cent. of each revolution and seventy percent. of the stroke with nearly mathematical -accuracy. The other partof the motion serves for the turn of thel moving direction and must notbe made smaller if the device is to be worked without injurious shock.In order to obtain such motion, according to Figs. 9 and 10 a variablecrank device is employed as a driving mechanism, the crank-wrist ofwhich, forming the connection-point for the shifting-rods, is guided insuch mannerlhat its distance from the crank-shaft during each revolutionis constantly changing between the maximum and mimimum. In Fig. 9, 10represents the crank-shaft, 11 the crank-arm, and 12 the wrist-pin,mounted by a slide on the joined at 14 to the chute. The crank-pin 12,as mentioned, has to be applied or guided in such manner that itsdistance from the center of the crank-shaft 10 in each crank revolutionis continuously changing between the minimum and maximum. For thispurpose the crank-pin 12 is arranged' adjustably on the crank 11 and isshifted to and fro upon the latter by a guide-link 15, revolving arounda pivot 16 in each revolution of the crank 11. The influence resultingtherefrom upon the speed of the motion of thev conveying-chute may bebest recognized in the speed diagram shown at the right-hand part ofFig. 9, which is identical with Fig. 8.

The driving mechanism Yand the diagram shown in Fig. 10 correspond inessential particulars with Fig. 9. A guide-link 17, rotating around itscenter-pin 18, has also the purpose to alterV continuouslythe distanceof the pivot 19 at which the shifting-rod 2O is fastened from theturning center of the drivingaxle in each revolution from a minimum to amaximum. Thev difference is only that the transmitting-pin 19, on whichthe connectingrod 2O is pivoted, is not fastened directly to thecrank-arm 22, but is connected to the latter bya second guide-link 23.The shiftingrod is fastened to the chute at 24, and it will be seen, bythe speed diagram that this form of the device efects the same practicalresult.

Exact detail constructions as to the driving 0n`the pins 12 (one shown)lthe shifting-rods 13 are pivoted, and they are mechanism are shown inFigs. 11 to 15. Figs. 11 and 12 relate to the diagram Fig. 9, whileFigs. 13 to 15 relate to the diagram Fig. 10'. These representations areto show how the shifting-rods 13 or 20, respectively, are practicallyapplied to the crank device.

In Figs. 11 and 12 the crank-pivot l2 is guided by a sleeve 12 upon thecrank l1. Concentrically to the crank-pivot 12 the bolt 15n of theguider 15 is inserted and eifectuates the shifting of the same uponcrank 11 in each revolution. The shifting-rod 13, joined at 14 to thechute, lies with its eye part 13, around the bolts of the crank 11 andthe guider 15 concentrically inserted into each other -and avoidsthereby the applyingof a second guidecrank. In all its parts theoperation of this driving mechanism is clearly brought out in thedescription of Figs. 9 and 10.

Having thus described my invention, the

Afollowing is what I claim as new therein and desire to .secure byLetters Patent:

1. In an apparatus for conveying materials, the combination of a carriereffecting motion of the material, guided in a right line, and meanssubstantially as described, imparting to said carrier and materialcarried thereby a progressively-accelerating motion in a forwarddirection and drawing 'said carrier beneath the material by a reversemovement quick at first and progressively retarded in speed in thereturn stroke, as explained.

2. In an apparatus for conveying materials, the combination of the chutel having at bottom carrying surfaces2 gradually inclined upward in aforward direction from 2'L to 2b and shoulders 2, 2c at rear of saidcarryinginclines, means for guiding said chute longitudinally in anapproximately rectilinear longitudinalmovement, connecting-rods 13jointed at one end to the chute; and crank mechanism substantially asdescribed, pivoted 'to the opposite ends of the connecting-rods andactuating the chute in a reciprocating movement Aaccelerating uniformlyin speed from beginning toward thel end of the forward stroke and by aYreverse movement quick at rst and uniformly diminishing in speed to theend of the backward stroke, as and for the `purposes explained.

HERMANN MARCUS.

Witnesses:

CHARLES LnsIMPLE, KARL SCHMITT.

-IOO

